Steel structure
A steel structure is a metal structure whose components are made of structural steel connected to each other. These types of structures have high reliability and require less raw materials than other types of structures such as concrete structures. Among the advantages of steel structures, we can mention high resistance, uniform properties, durability, elastic properties, high plasticity, continuity of materials, reinforcement and the possibility of retrofitting. Also, easy conditions of construction and installation, speed of installation, less waste of materials, light weight, less space occupation are other advantages of this type of structure.
Steel structures with lateral restraint systems
Various methods of providing lateral restraint in steel structure:
- Moment steel Frame System
- Moment steel Frame System + Brace
- Moment steel Frame System + Shear Wall
- Concentrated Bracing System
- Eccentrically Bracing System
- Shear Wall System
Concrete Structures
Concrete is created from the combination of cement, sand and water in a specific ratio and is formed into desired structural shapes by special molds. Concrete has good performance under pressure, but cracks and eventually breaks when stretched. To improve this issue, armature is used. Therefore, in reinforced concrete structures, the combination of concrete and reinforcement is used in different members of the structure.
The advantages of concrete structures include cheapness, high strength and resistance, high plasticity, very good resistance to heat and fire. The low cost of transferring materials to the workshop due to the production at the project site, the lack of need for much maintenance compared to the steel structure is one of the strengths of this structure. Also, long life, increased resistance over time and high resistance in wet weather conditions compared to steel structure are other advantages of this type of structure.
CFT Structure
Steel sections filled with concrete, abbreviated as CFT, are a group of mixed sections with circular, square, rectangular and hexagonal geometries that take advantage of the joint action of steel around the enclosed concrete for load-bearing.
The advantages of the CFT structure include reducing the weight of the steel used in the column, reducing the cost of construction and installation of the structure using the HSS section.
Also, eliminating or reducing the cost of protecting columns against fire, increasing useful space, improving construction quality, and the possibility of using column sections with the same dimensions in height are other advantages of this type of structure.
In addition, higher bending and axial shear strength, improvement of concrete performance, ductility and high energy consumption capacity and increase of lateral stiffness of the compression member are other advantages of this type of structure.
SRC Structure
In steel reinforced concrete (SRC) structures, the steel profiles are completely covered with reinforcement plates or fasteners in the middle range of the concrete member.
One of the advantages of the SRC structure is the lack of need to control the local buckling of the steel section due to its encasement in concrete. Also, the 20% increase in the strength of this type of structure compared to the concrete structure, the reduction of the dimensions of the column in the SRC structure at the base of the structure compared to the concrete structure, and as a result, the possibility of extending it in height, the possibility of implementing longer spans with the SRC column next to the concrete column due to higher resistance. Reducing the level of molding due to the smaller dimensions of the column compared to concrete is one of the other advantages of this type of structure.
Other types of structures
Among the other types of structures that can be mentioned is the shell structure that is often made of reinforced concrete and is similar to traditional arches in a curved form.
One of the most important advantages of this type of structure is the reasonable cost of implementing the structure compared to other structures, the beauty and attractiveness of the form, the creation of a column-free space, the proper performance against earthquakes, and the creation of diverse forms.
It is also an industrial structure among other types of structures. Among the types of industrial structures, we can mention sheds with long openings in high areas.
